What is a program? A program is a set of instructions telling the computer what to do. 

Required Text:

C++ Programming Easy Ways -Dr. Alireza Ebrahimi

First Assignment:

1. Pick a program from chapters 1-20 in the book. Be unique,

extreme, anything you want to be!!!

2. Write the program. Type the program.

Where?: Word, Notepad (preferred), or any text editor. Save the program.

3. Compile it. What is there to compile and how to you compile?

The program that you just typed. What is a compiler? Compiler is

a translator. A translator is someone (program [software]) that

translates one language to another language. Translate the source

language to the target language. The target language is the

machine. What is the source language? The source language here in this class is C++ and it is a very powerful and important language. The definition of compiler is to convert or translate your C++ to assembly (machine) language.

4. Therefore to compile you need a compiler. The compiler you will need is the C++ compiler, either Microsoft Visual Studio C++ or Dev C++. Both of these compilers their own editors and more!

5. Run it or execute it. You may need resources.

[Angie picked the program on page 113. The program deals with gross pay, overtime, and Y2K problem. Years back companies spent 3trillion dollars on programming.]

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Tuesday Jan 29 2007

LAST CLASS REVIEW:

- The first assignment was to A) pick a program in the textbook chapters  

  1-20.

  B) Write or type the program using an editor (ex. Notepad , Word, etc.)

  Notepad is because it is a text editor by nature.

  C) Compile it (the program). Compiler translates the source to the target.

  For example C++ converts program to assembly language. All you need

  to work with  C++ is a compiler. If you have a warning you can still 

  execute

  D) RUN or EXECUTE the program. Take the action to activate it.

  E) To submit your work use CONTROL & PRINT SCREEN

QUESTIONS:

• Do you know what they call a very big program? SOFTWARE

• Do you know any SOFTWARE? EXCEL=, All MICROSOFT Products, 

• Everything in the computer is SOFTWARE.

• What is the difference between Software and Hardware? [ Anything you can do with hardware you can do with software]

• Hardware: Anything that is tangible (monitor, keyboard, etc).

• What other languages do you know? Java, Basic, Fortran,

• Where can you find C++ Compiler? Microsoft (unfriendly for beginners because it is too overwhelming), DEV C++ Belongs to www.Bloodshed.net Rogue Wave, GNU for Linux, Boreland C++

• Who does JAVA belong to? Sun Micro System

• Why is Bill Gates so famous and important? A) He made the basic small tool for computers. B) He developed DOS operating system. C) He was an opportunist.

• Do you know Ebrahimi's programming language? VPCL

•  

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Jan 31, 2008

• Kaushal demonstrated his program for the class from page 353 in the textbook.

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

swap(int slot[],int i,int j){

int temp;

return 0;

}//SWAP

int scan,pass,n=10,i;

int slot[]={8,3,1,5,7,10,4,9,6,2};

for(pass=1;pass<n;pass++){

for(scan=0;scan<n-pass;scan++){

if(slot[scan]>slot[scan+1])

}//end scan

}//end pass

cout<<"SORTED ITEMS:" <<endl;

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

cout<<slot[i]<<" ";

return 0;

}//MAIN

• How to run a sample program?

  • Step 1) Pick the program

  • Step 2) Edit it

  • Step 3) Compile it

  • Step 4) Run it

• What happens when you compile?

  • If there is an error the compiler will report it to you. Not all error messages are reported correctly. Some of the messages may be misleading, and could possibly use language that you might not understand. As you go on, you will continue to build experience and you will start to understand what it means.

  • Realize you will not see the conversion result (assembly language) if there is no error. But once you run it you will see it.

  • If anybody finds about machine language, assembly language, or high level language in the textbook you will receive 2points. Make sure you read the information and take note of the pages.

  • Chaudhary found information on language on pages 7 & 8. 

       HOW DO LANGUAGES DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER:

        If you are wondering how similar and different programming languages are, here is an example. The task is to add two numbers, the numbers are placed in two memory locations and the result should be stored in another memory location. Examples follow:

      MACHINE LANGUAGE: 1111001110000

                                             0001000011110

                                             1000001000000

     

      ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE: mov a, R1

                                              add b, R1

                                              mov R1,c

      FORTRAN:                       c= a + b

      ALGOL:                            c:=a + b

      COBOL:                            add a to b giving c

      APL:                                 c <-- a +  b

      Lisp:                                 (set!  c (+ a b))

   

  Most of the other languages such as BASIC, PLI, C/C++, and Java use the statement c= a + b, which is the same statement that FORTRAN uses.                                           

• ARIEL likes MACHINE LANGUAGE because it is simpler.

• According to Dr. Ebrahimi if you want speed and memory MACHINE LANGUAGE is excellent because you do not need to convert anything.

• MATT likes LISP. Artificial Intelligence people use LISP.

• JUSTIN likes COBOL because it appears to be simple. It is written in natural language. COBOL was written by Grace Hopper.

• FARZAD likes FORTRAN and dislikes Lisp. FORTRAN was the first most frequently used language.

• What is the difference between ALGOL and FORTRAN as explained on page 8?

  •   FORTRAN: c= a + b // ALGOL c:= a + b   

** If you have never seen a compiler here is DEV C++ :

    The program above sorts numbers. The program looks like gibberish.

The steps he took to do the program

1. Typed the program looking in the book.

2. Then go to DEV C++ Compiler and Download it. (It takes less than 5minutes)

3. Then activate Dev C++

4. Type the program from page 353 (because he liked the challenge).

5. Saved it on the compiler as exchangesort.cpp

6. Compile it, there is an icon on the top to compile your program.

7. He had about 3 or 4 compiler errors. The messages were not to the point.

8. He then fixed his errors. To check make sure your program is EXACT as the one from the book.

9. Run the program. (To hold the output screen use statement cin.get() or system ("pause")

** According to C++ by Default ( Automatic) functions are int.

*** The new version of C++  treat the function differently.

_______________________________________________________________________________

February 5, 2008

 1. Review of last class

    a] Do you know how to install the compiler or work the    

        compiler in the Lab.

    b] You should have the first assignment done.

 2. Chapter 2 reading from the book

// means comment. You should always include your name in the program.

It is not for the computer, it is for you and others. For example for the professor to know what you are doing. 

At this moment there are words, symbols that you do not know what they are. It will take time to explain the meaning. For now just accept this notion because they will be explained at a later time.

                In class Fig. 2.1 test, 2.3b

Today we learned how to run a program that does nothing. By Justin

3. New assignment:

        Assignments are found at the end of each chapter.   

 4. Presentation by your classmate Aletha

    * The purpose is to become comfortable with the    

       compiler. For example Dev C++

     What does this program do? Compute Gross Pay and Net Pay

     SYNTAX ERROR: No name should have a space in between.

-By default the main is an int.

PRESENTATION NUMBER 2

by; Farzad  page number 114

5. Building the class web management

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

February 7, 2008

    PROGRAMMING IS A VERY CHAIN MATERIAL.

 You need to be able to understand each part before you can continue. My suggestion is to not miss any classes. If for any reason you miss a class please consult with someone about what was covered during the previous class that you missed.

These are the problems that some students have come across while doing the assignments:

• Chaudrhy was unable to see the output screen.

  • The solution was to put system("pause");

• Instead of endl he put end1 (please look at page 45).

  • C++ is case sensitive and all of the keywords should be in lower case.

• C++ is a little bit more than just C

Angie is demonstrating her code in regular c, she gets 5 points

Matt got a point

Jake gets a point because he sad C came before C++

Every time you see cout it means you're giving it away

cin = Console Input

cout = Console Output

keyboards use to be called console

What page in the text talks about the skeleton of C++?

Page 27

What words must be in a C++ Program?

main,

Programming was there to solve mathematical problems

If you have warnings you can still run it.

Birds can't fly without wings!!!

People can't walk without legs!!!

That is why people are fast.

_______________________________________________________________________

February 12, 2007

When working on assignments  try to understand what we need.

Jake demonstrated his assignment.

From page 65.

The program that Jake is demonstrating will loop 10 times. We know this because the count number is 10. How could we make the program loop one thousand times? Change the count number to 1000.

Jake's assignment had a warning because of the .h

Could you bike for me?

Infinite loop ^ 

Jeffrey &  Christina demoed their program from page 383.

    One way to know what a program does is to look at the input and the output.

Dr. Ebrahimi has created a program that you can never lose. You can have a tie but you would never have a loss.

** Computer becomes intelligent because of program. It can also become  stupid because of programs.

Default: When you said it, it is therefore established. Certain things you do not see is defaulted.

Chapter 2 talks about input and process (computation).

Emile demonstrated his program.

He did have a few errors.

• He used 1 instead of L at after the <<end.

• Return was spelled wrong (Retun)

The words that are bolded are reserved (key) words.

Two types of errors. SYNTAX errors and Logical errors.

Matt demonstrated his program:

 This program is written in C. (scanf & printf)

Patrick demonstrated his program:

This program is out of a different book ( How to Program by H.M Deitel & P.J Deitel )

NEXT THURSDAY FEBRUARY 21st WE WILL HAVE A 100 QUESTION QUIZ

You can submit 10 questions.

Make sure the questions are:

• non trivial / non tricky

• True / False questions 

• From Chapters 1-3 & whatever we have covered in the class.

You can email the questions to:

Dr. Ebrahimi ebrahimidr@gmail.com

Jeffrey ( Class Captain ) thewiz919@yahoo.com

Christina ( Class Captain ) morellchristina@gmail.com

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

FEBRUARY 14, 2008

HAPPY VALENTINE'S DAY EVERYONE!

JUST A REMINDER QUIZ 1 WILL BE ON FEBRUARY 21ST!

Make sure the questions are:

• non trivial / non tricky

• True / False questions 

• From Chapters 1-3 & whatever we have covered in the class.

PLEASE EMAIL YOUR QUESTIONS TO EITHER :

Dr. Ebrahimi ebrahimidr@gmail.com

Jeffrey ( Class Captain ) thewiz919@yahoo.com

Christina ( Class Captain ) morellchristina@gmail.com

WHAT IS CHAPTER 3 ABOUT?

• Loop ( to go around )

• Have you ever driven on Loop Highway near Jones Beach?

• One thing you should know about programming is how to loop.

• Every time you want to loop you have to do 3 things. You need either reserved (key) word or user word. 

• The word used to loop is called While.

• There is a variety of looping.

• How many times do you want to loop?

• What do you want to loop?

• How far do you want to loop?

• Loop continues as long as condition is true. When the condition is false the loop will stop.

• Using namespace std;

• Do not type the line numbers when copying your program.

• What does line 2 do? NOTHING just there to make the program look nice.

• Line 3? You always have to  main(){  before the program

• Line 4 & 5? int stands for interger. Int means whole number. (decimal/ fraction number is called a single floating number) Int is a reserved word. In this case Counter is a user word. Every word must have a value. Equal sign (=) puts 1 into the name counter. There was no arrow on the first keyboards. You need a good instructor and a good language.

• Line 6? cout<<"I LIKE YOU"<<counter<<endl . Counter has a numerical value. What value does it have? 1 Why? Because line four says to put 1 to the counter.

• Line 7? counter = counter +1 [ Visualize equal(=) as left arrow ] So that means put 1 as on into the counter. Program is a live entity. At line 8 how much is the counter? 2 Therefore in Lines 5, 6, 7, 8 it is still 2.

• Line 8? Line 8 says to go back to the loop.

• According to the principle of programming this is an infinite loop.

• Some people forgot to put ; Others tried to do the visual C++, some people do not have compilers.

You should understand and have a little knowledge of programs.

WORDS OF ENCOURAGEMENT: GET INVOLVED!

Philosophy of C++:

The philosophy of truth. Everything is true except for zero. For example number 1 is true. Letter a is true.

Ariel demonstrated his program from page 118 first.

Tuesday February 19, 2008

Quiz has been postponed to TUESDAY February 26th, 2008
The quiz will be open book, open note, just no communication.

Make sure to email your 10 questions to:
Dr. Ebrahimi ebrahimidr@gmail.com

And send carbon copies of the questions to:
Jeffrey ( Class Captain ) thewiz919@yahoo.com
Christina ( Class Captain ) morellchristina@gmail.com

Questions are to be:
non trivial / non tricky
True / False questions
From Chapters 1-3 & whatever we have covered or learned in the class.

In class questions:
Page 20 :
4. A systematic way (step-by-step) to solve a problem is known as a
algorithm. [ True ] What is algorithm? A systematic way to solve a
problem.
Ebrahimi would like you to use this terminology in your everyday life.
Algorithms are not always accurate.
According to page 14 Algorithm can mean solution as well.
Abstract form is another term for algorithm.
Algorithms should not be off tangent.
Flow Chart is a kind of algorithm.
Meteorologist are sometimes incorrect because they do not have a
correct algorithm.
To solve a problem their might not be an answer.

Page 48:
14. counter = counter +1 is known as a const not an assignment
statement. [False]


Page 100 " When it comes to programming and problem solving, the word "algorithm" is frequently used. At first glance, most people associate the word algorithm with a mathematical term such a Logarithm. In programming, algorithm refers to problem solving steps that are needed to find a solution to a problem, such as finding the shortest path from one city to another computing employee wages. Where does the word algorithm come from? It cam from the Persian Alkharazmi who worte a book around 825 A.D. called "Algebr and Moghabeleh" which translates to "Reduction and Calculation".
An example of solving problems is a rubixs cube.


You can argue algorithms.
What does algorithm optimization mean?


Do you know how to make a garden omelet?
Egg & Cheese [ Luis gave an incomplete suggestion. ]
Angie's Suggestion
1) Crack Eggs without the yolk into a Bowl
2) Add Cheese and any garden vegetable you would like
3) Take a frying pan and heat it on the stove with butter
4) Mix the eggs and vegetables
5) Add the mixture into the warm frying pan
6) Then you wait about 5 minutes until the mixture becomes a solid white color [ What happened to the salt and pepper? ]
7) Then fold it in half
8) Serve it on a platter
What is the algorithm for assignment 2A & 2B?


What is Justin's algorithm from here to your house?
Take the bus
Stop at the Hicksville Train Station
Train to Penn Station
Then go to Grand Central Station the Metro North White Plains
Then get a ride to his house
Why people want to make featherless chicken?

^POOR THING! =/
Economically it saves money !
http://www.nextnature.net/research/wp-content/uploads/2006/10/chicken3~.jpg


*Every user name must be declared!

WORD OF THE DAY:
DELIMITERS

DEMOS:

Ariel
Page 118


Dante Demo:
page 97
Error secondnumber does not require a space.

Andrew's Demo:
Page 42
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
February 21, 2008

Please work on your case studies for chapter 2 :

CASE STUDY - PAYROLL SYSTEM PHASE 2: INPUT/OUTPUT

2A) Compute gross pay for each employee by interactively entering hours worked and hourly rate.

    The following is the sample input and output for Phase 2A:

        ENTER EMPLOYEE ID: 5678

        ENTER HOURS WORKED: 40

        ENTER HOURLY RATE: 15.00

        YOUR ID IS: 5678

        YOUR HOURS WORKED IS: 40

        YOUR HOURLY RATE IS: $15.00

        YOUR GROSS PAY IS $600.00

2B) Compute net pay for each employee by applying a fixed tax rate of 10%. You must enter each employee's id. (Enter only last four digits of SSN at this time.)

Sample input and output for Phase 2B.

        ENTER EMPLOYEE ID: 5678

        YOUR HOURS WORKED: 40

        ENTER HOURLY RATE: 15.00

        YOUR ID IS: 5678

        YOUR HOURS WORKED: 40

        YOUR HOURLY RATE IS: $15.00

        YOUR GROSS PAY IS: $600.00

        YOUR TAX RATE IS 0.10

        YOUR TAX AMOUNT IS: $60.00

        YOUR NET PAY IS: $540.00

SELF-TEST TRUE/FALSE CHAPTER 1: EVOLUTION OF PROGRAMMING

_1. C++ is the superset of C containing whatever C already has.

_2. Comment symbols // were introduced by C  and the symbols /* .... */

    were introduced by C++.

_3. C++ is known as a better C as well as C with object-orientated 

    programming.

_4. A systematic way (step-by-step) to solve a problem is known as

    algorithm.

_5. A program is a set of instructions that tells a computer what to do.

_6. Every character has its own ASCII code, such as 65 for uppercase A

    and 97 for a lowercase a.

_7. Computer languages are ambiguous and natural languages are not

    ambiguous.

_8. C++ was designed before ALGOL and FORTRAN.

_9. APL uses <- for assignment (e.g c<- a = b) instead of = or := as in other

    languages (e.g. c = a + b )

_10. C and C++ are user-friendly languages and were designed for teaching

    purposes.

_11. An integer value has its own range _ e.g -32768 to +32767). Therefore

    32767 +1 becomes -32768.

_12. In C++, == is used for equality comparison and single equal (=) is used

    for assignment.

_13. Every problem has only one algorithm to solve it.

_14. A compiler will not find a logical error, such as substituting addition

    for subtraction.

_15. In order to get an output from a program you must edit, compile, and

    execute the program.

_16. A data file (input file) is a program and can therefore be executed.

_17. A C++ program has a file extension .ccp and a data file usually has

    extension .cpp  or .txt

_18. Borland C++, GNU C++, and MS Visual C++ are all compilers from

    different companies.

_19. VOID

_20. Decision-making is also called a loop

Do page 62 & Run it.

You get 6 points for this class assignment and

after that 3 points as is and 2 points for changing it.

• Item Id is a user word

• In programming you have to specify what kind of data a user name is, what type of data is it? Is it a whole number of fractional. Is it letters and words?

• What type of data item ID would be? Integer

• Float means you are going to have a number that has a floating decimal.

• Float is a reserved word.

• While is a reserved word.

• Counter is a user word.

• User name has restrictions. They should not start with numbers or have a space in between.

• How does something change with counter. It is 1 and then becomes 2.

• Counter has no value (garbage).

• As soon as you declare a variable it is like a brain cell.

• We are variables because we change, for example his mood will change.

• When the new comes, the old must be replaced. So you have no trace on knowing what is on counter unless it is displayed.

• What is the command that displays a request? The command that requests for you to end? cout

• In programming order does matter. [ You cannot put on your clothes and then take a bath]

• The last line of every program is return0;}

• Is the program free of syntax errors? Yes

• If you want to know how tea tastes, put it in hot water. If you want to know someone put them in a tough situation.  

• Chapter 2 title is Input process, output

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

March 4, 2008

Case Study

Page 89

The main purpose of this phase is to get accustomed to the repetition of a program using a loop and reading data interactively as well from an external file.

Hint: Use a while loop.

3A) Expand Payroll Program so that interactively repeats for 5 employees.

EXAMPLE:

            Enter Employee Id           6740

              Enter Hours Worked            40

              Enter Hourly Rate            $  10

              Employee Id is                 6740

              The Hours Worked are         40

              The Hourly Rate is           $  10

              The Gross Pay is              $400

              The Tax is                         0.30

              The Net Pay is                 $280

              Enter Employee Id           3578

              Enter Hours Worked            30

              Enter Hourly Rate                10

Employee Id is                               3578

……………….

3B) Expand Payroll program so that it repeats for 5 employees from an input file.

Data typed and saved under employee.in

#include <fstream.h> instead of <iostream.h>

Use ifstream fin(“employee.ub”);

Use the same while loop as 3A

3C) Expand Payroll program so that repeats for as many employees as are entered interactively.

No loop counter needed.

Cout <<”Enter employeeid”;

While(cin>>employeeid) {…

….

cout<<”Enter employeeid”;

} //end while loop

Having cin>> in loop enables user exit loop by pressing ctrl/z

3D) Expand Payroll program so that it repeats for as many employees in the input file.

Enter more than 5 employees in employee.in

While(fin>>employeeid){…your program…..}//end loop

Don’t use any interaction or loop counter.  

·       A, B, C, & D is basically the same with one line change.

·       To understand each part

o   A- loop 5 times interactively (type by hands)

o   B- loop 5 times from the data (input) file

o   C- loop as many from keyboard (ctrl z)

o   D- as many from data file

• ·       Page 80 tells you how to work with Command Prompt.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

March 6,2008

-NEXT THURSDAY MARCH 13, 2008 MIDTERM

Working on Chapter 3:

• -      Invoice Program on Page 62.

• -      Interactive because the data comes from the user.

• -      To make it from the file go to page 78.

• -      Next class we are going to work on the next chapters.

• -      PAGE 77 Run the file AS IS.

o  [5 pts to run the file as it]

• -      How do you know a program is correct?

• -      One to make sure it is not incorrect is to look at the output first to see what is generated.

• -      In order to insert blank in your output you have to leave spaces in your quotations.

• -      Difference between NET PAY and GROSS PAY?

• NET PAY is what you receive after taxes, GROSS PAY is before taxes.

• -      Int. is for the whole number what does float mean? Float is a fraction. The reason why it is called float is because of floating decimal, it is not a fixed number.

• -      How many times does the program on page 77 loop? It loops because of the word “while”. It loops more than once.

• -      Does this program loop 5times? No it does not; this is because there is no 5 there. You can make it go 5 times but it will not go 5 times.

• -      Does this program go infinite? Yes  & NO

• -      Story of BUYING A CAR.

o  How many years you want? How much do you want to pay? He always left to go to another room. He did not have a program all he had a was calculator.

• -      Everything takes place with time.

• -      How would you stop this program?

o  By making the condition false. The condition of the loop false.

o  Press CNTRL Z , it stops the program

• -      One of the jobs you might do is DATA Entry. Give you information and then want it the next day

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

March 11, 2008

Captains: Jeffery Prudhomme & Christina Morell

• The supermarkets are hard to deal with because signs are not always correct. Or a sign might not be over the product.

•  Read page 120 about search

• Use the knowledge that you have so you can have confidence.

• What does #include<iostream.h> do? It is input and output. [bird has to fly has to include the wings, wants to walk includes the feet. ]

• What does f stand for? F stands for File

• When you search you are reading from the file

• In supermarket every item has a barcode and an item price.

• Search is the foundation for every program we have. Everything we do is search.

• Name for computer should not be computer, it should be searcher.

• For research make a copy of Dr. Ebrahimi's article.

• Dr. Ebrahimi says that if you understand the program on page 123 you will not get less than a C for your grade in the class.

• fin means file in which is same as cin

·        

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

March 13, 2008

Captains: Jeffery Prudhomme & Christina Morell

MIDTERM TEST:

• ON PAGE 51 DO CASE STUDY 2A & 2B

• ON PAGE 89 DO CASE STUDY 3A , 3B, 3C, &3D

GO TO OLD WESTBURY ONLINE & SUBMIT EACH PROGRAM AS AN ATTACHMENT. For example it will be 2a.cpp with the running of input and output. You can use CNTRL + PRNT SCREEN to copy and paste it to the word document. Each program should be attached separately.

(If there is any problem with the online email your programs to ebrahimidr@gmail.com and make sure you speak to Dr. Ebrahimi before you leave.)

• As you finish each program raise your hand and I will mark you down.

• Please no talking or communication with your classmates during the test.

_________________________________________________________________________________

March 25, 2008

Captains: Jeffery Prudhomme & Christina Morell

Chapter 4: DECISION MAKING: MAKING PROGRAMS INTELLIGENT

Have you heard of computers that beat chess champions or mimic experts? The decision making statement responsible for making a program an intelligent entity is known as the "if" statement. However, not using the proper decision-making can cause a program to fail or possibly become dumb. This is known as a computer error. An example of a program error is to print or display a paycheck for an employee who worked regular hours wit ha negative amount of money.

MAKING THE DECISION:

If given an employee's salary, how would you determine the tax rate? If given the number of hours an employee worked, how would you determine the overtime hours? If you were asked whether you want to continue, or stop what you are doing, what would you answer? If you were asked to enter your password and you typed either the right or the wrong password, what would you expect to happen? If given a menu with a list of items, how would you make a selection? These are few examples of decision-making. They are used in a similar fashion in programming.

HOW DO YOU MAKE A DECISION IN C/C++?

In C/C++, decision making is done by using an if or a switch statement. The if statement uses the form shown in Figure 4.1.

if( expression ){

                //Body of it ( Runs only when the if expression is true )

}//IF

else{

                //Body of it ( Runs only when the if expression is false )

}//ELSE

The expression after the if must evaluate to either true or false. If the expression evaluates to true, the "body of the if", which is the statement next to parentheses, will be executed. If the expression evaluates to false, the "body of the else" will be executed. IF the body of if or the body of else contain more than one statement, then braces { } should be used. It is good practice to always use braces.

if( grosspay>1000)

    taxrate = 0.20;

else

    taxrate = 0.10;

Assign taxrate the value of 0.20 if grosspay is greater than 1000 otherwise assign taxrate the value of 0.10.

if( hoursworked > 40)

    overtimehours= hoursworked -40;

else

    overtimehours=0.0;

Assign overtimehours the value of hoursworked - 40 hoursworked is greater than 40 otherwise the value of 0.0 to overtime hours.

if( candidateIntitial == 'H' )

        hc=hc+1;

else

        oc=oc+1;

If value of candidateInitial is equal to H then increment the counter named hc by the value of one (1) and assign the value back to hc. If the value of candidateInitial is anything other than H, then add one to the value of the counter named oc and assign the value back to oc.

WHAT DOES THE EXPRESSION "IF" CONSIST OF?

The expression if, compares two values using the comparison operators of Table 4.1 listed below.

The result of the expression can be either true or false. IN C/C++, anything besides zero considered to be true. Therefore, the number zero is false and any other number is true. The expression if can be made more complex when making several evaluations or even an assignment statement.

[*If  you know and understand leap year by next class Dr. Ebrahimi will give you a dollar*]

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March 27, 2008

Captains: Jeffery Prudhomme & Christina Morell

CASE STUDY- PAYROLL SYSTEM PHASE 4:DECISION-MAKING pg 136

At this phase of the payroll system, we are going to include the appropriate tax rate (variable) rather than a fixed tax rate of 10% (constant). The program will also compute the over time pay.

4A) Assign different tax rates based on the following gross pay:

            gross pay > 500.00 then taxrate = 0.30 (30%)

                      gross pay > 200.00 then taxrate = 0.20

                      anything less     then taxrate = 0.10

    HINTS FOR 4A starting on page 126, 134 (info statement line 14 to the end)

4B) Determine an additional tax rate based on marital status:

    1) Declare marital status as a number (integer).

            1=Single     2=Married     3=Head of Household

                            an additional 5% will be added to the tax rate of a single person

                            subtract 5% if head of household

     cin >> maritalstatus

     if (maritalstatus == 1)

     taxrate = taxrate + 0.05;

     else if (maritalstatus ==3)

     taxrate = taxrate - 0.05

                                          

    2) Declare marital status as character

         (working with either letters M, S, H or character digits 1,2,3)

    3) Program should accept either upper case or lower case letters for marital status

         ( e.g. accept M or m).

    HINTS FOR 4B is on page 117 or on page 132

4C) Compute the overtime pay according to the following formula:

        Any hours over 40 are considered time and a half ( overtime ).

        You may want to find over time hours ( e.g. hoursworked -40) and over time pay

        (e.g. overtimehours*hourlyrate*1.5).

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April 8th

Captains: Christina Morell & Ariel Candelario

Work on Chapter 5

make sure to demo it, page 159

Start with line 1,3-12, 25-27, 32-33 you are obviously going to get errors. Do not forget to add system("pause"); When you save it call it 159a.cpp

include<iostream>

using namespace std;
main(){
char empid[ 100 ][ 12 ];
char fname[ 100 ][ 14 ], lastname[ 100 ][ 15 ];
int hw[ 100 ];
double gp[ 100 ], np[ 100 ], hr[ 100 ], taxrate[100], taxamt[ 100 ];

int counter = 0;
int i;
cout<<"ENTER EMP ID, FNAME, LNAME, HRS WORKED, HRLY RATE ctrl z to end"<<endl;
while( cin>>empid[counter]>>fname[counter]>>lastname[counter]>>hw[counter]>> hr[counter])
cout<<endl;
cout<<setw(14)<<"EMPLOYEE ID"<<setw(16)<<"FIRST NAME"<<setw(17)
<<"LAST NAME" <<setw(4)<<"HW"<<setw(5)<<"HR"<<setw(6)
}//FOR
system("pause");

return 0;
 

then add lines 29 & 30

#include<iostream.h>
#include <iomanip.h>
int main(){
char empid[ 100 ][ 12 ];
char fname[ 100 ][ 14 ], lastname[ 100 ][ 15 ];
int hw[ 100 ];
double gp[ 100 ], np[ 100 ], hr[ 100 ], taxrate[100], taxamt[ 100 ];
int counter = 0;
int i;
cout<<"ENTER EMP ID, FNAME, LNAME, HRS WORKED, HRLY RATE ctrl z to end"<<endl;
while( cin>>empid[counter]>>fname[counter]>>lastname[counter]>>hw[counter]>> hr[counter])
cout<<endl;
cout<<setw(14)<<"EMPLOYEE ID"<<setw(16)<<"FIRST NAME"<<setw(17)
<<"LAST NAME" <<setw(4)<<"HW"<<setw(5)<<"HR"<<setw(6);
cout<<setw(14)<<empid[i]<<setw(16)<<fname[i]<<setw(17)<<lastname[i]<<setw(4)
<<hw[i]<<setw(5)<<hr[i]<<setw(6)<<gp[i]<<setw(6)<<taxamt[i]<<setw(9)<<np[i]<<endl;
system ("pause");
return 0;
}//MAIN

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April 10th

Captains: Christina Morell & Ariel Candelario

NEXT TUESDAY THERE WILL BE NOT LECTURE; CLASS WILL BE ONLINE!

PAGE 166

The purpose of this phase is to expand the payroll system to display all employee information in a tabular form by including arrays.

A) Display company title and a header that labels the output in a tabular form. Input the first name and last name of an employee.

char firstname[10], lastname[15];

( Means the name can be greater than 10; it if it more than 10 it will cause problems. In Dev C++ only go up to nine because 1 line will be null).

(Last names are typically longer than first names)

Hint: You may want to use the following I/O manipulators.

#include<iomanip.h>, setw(15), setprecision(2) setiosflags(ios::fixed|ios::showpoint|ios::left)

[What does iomanip do? It decorates nicer than iostream.h; It manipulates input and output]

DR.EBRAHIMI'S PAYROLL INSTITUTE

106 EASY WAYS

PLEASANTVILLE, N.Y. 11068

B) Convert the program as it is to arrays. Set max size of array to 100.

    int hw[100], empid[100];

C) Take advantage of arrays by breaking programs into separate units. Each unit should have a

    separate loop.

• Read all data into arrays.

• Compute all the overtimepays.

• Compute all the grosspays.

• Compute all the taxrates.

• Compute all the netpays.

• Displays all the arrays.

D) Include a search by employee id. (An extra credit)

E) Include a search by employee name. (An extra credit)

F) Sort the data either by employee id or by employee name

April 17th

Captains: Angie Karnofsky, Ariel Candelario

Andrew DiChiara Will Demo

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April 22th

Captains: Christina Morell, Ariel Candelario, & Angie Karnofsky

Chapter 6 (page 166)

FUNCTION: ORGANIZING THE PROGRAM

As problems grow they become more difficult to solve. One problem solving strategy is to break a problem into smaller problems (sub-problems) then solve each of the sub-problems separately. This idea of breaking a problem into smaller ones is reminiscent of the old expression divide and conquer. Similarly, a big problem can be broken into subprograms that can be written and tested independently. Each of these subprograms is known as a function (unit) with a specific action (task) to perform. Normally, an application program (software) consists of thousands of lines of code (instructions). Without an organization (function), it is almost impossible to write, test, use, maintain, or reuse a large program. Can you imagine a team of programmers trying to write and manage a program without using functions.

TWO KINDS OF FUNCTIONS

There are two kinds of functions: built-in and user-defines functions. A built-in function is pre-constructed and is available for use in your program. A user-defined function must be built by the programmer.

C/C++ BUILT-IN FUNCTIONS

C/C++ comes with a library of functions that are pre-programmed and ready for use in your program. You are already familiar with the C built-in functions scanf(...), and printf(...), and the C++ function eof (...).

Difference between explicit and implicit.

implicit: implied, rather than expressly stated

explicit: fully and clearly expressed or demonstrated; leaving nothing merely implied; unequivocal:

Function defined explicitly:

How would you make a payroll program you have so far explicit?

Look in the book that explicitly using function.

Elliot Saloway is a programmer that we looked at during class.

Page 203 is a payroll program.

How many functions does this program have?

-There are 10 functions.

1.   Read all data

2.   Find overtime

3.   Find overtime pay

4.   Find regular hours

5.   Find regular pay

6.   Find gross pay

7.   Find tax rate

8.   Find tax amount

9.   Find net pay

10. Print all data

-Line 3 is a comment and it is for you and others. Compiler does not look at it. It explains what the program does.

- You have to specify it on the top with prototype.

- From what line to what line are function prototype? Lines 4 - 13.

- Which line does the main program start? Line 15. [when you see a void you do not need return 0, you are voiding it like you would void a check]

-From what line to what line are you declaring? Lines 16-25

-Line 28 we call function call. Lines 28-39 everything is explained there.

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April 2

Captains: Christina Morell,Jeffery Prudhomme

Page 203

Part 1

1,4, 13, 15 &16, 19-21, 25, 28, 37, 39

Page 203

Part 2:

1,4,15 & 16,19,20-24, 28-33, 37-39

Whoever fixes the program to have errors you will receive 2 points.

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April 29, 2008

Captains: Christina Morell,Jeffery Prudhomme

Chapter 8: OBJECT AND CLASS: EVERYTHING AS AN OBJECT OF A CLASS.

(The idea of function is not a new way to solve problems).

The world around is is made of objects and each object has its own characteristics as to what it does and what can be done to it. A group of similar objects can be generated from a model (blueprint) that encompasses essential characteristics such as its data and its functionality, which is known as class. A class bundles the data, its functions, and how these two members interact with each other as well as the outside world. Introduction of class and its objects will shift the focus from Procedural Programming (with function in center) to Object Oriented Programming where security (access), extendibility (expansion), and reusability (cost) are the major concerns.  As a matter of fact, you have already dealt with class and object.  The simple cin and cout statements are objects of the iostream class

Read pages 276 - 278 and case study is on page 284 !

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May 1, 2008

Captains: Jeffrey Prudhomme

Payroll Program With Class

`   

SUNY College at Old Westbury - School of Business

Course Number:  BU 2010

Course Title: Business Programming with Visualization

A. 1.    Course Description

            The objective of this course is to gain an understanding of programming fundamentals (concepts and constructs) and to apply them in business applications and problem solving with a visual interface. The course material will include: input/output, decision-making, repetition, file handling, and objects. Students will learn how to organize their program using functions and structures. Students are required to apply the learned material and algorithms (e.g. search) in creating a real world application such as payroll, invoice, taxation, and stock market. The course will be C/C++ based and the following visual and graphic interfaces such as CGI, Visual Basic .Net, and Java applets will be examined.

A. 2.    Intended Audience

            MIS majors and minors, elective (liberal arts)

A. 3.    Course Objectives

            Students will learn fundamental programming concepts and apply them in business applications and problem solving with a visual interface.

B.         Prerequisites

            none

C.        Mode of Instruction

            The class consists of both lecture and lab. During the lab, there will be demonstrations using a visual programming environment, as well as writing, testing, and debugging programs.

D.        Student Responsibilities

·         Each student will be expected to complete a series of lab assignments for each topic and one large project, preferably payroll or invoice.

·         There will be a test, midterm and final exam.

·         Students must plan to spend a minimum of two (2) hours per week outside of the class working with computer.

E.         Grading

F.         Agenda

G.           Bibliography

            C++ Programming Easy Ways (Volume 1 & 2) Dr. A. Ebrahimi, American Press